Engineering is the foundation of modern innovation, combining scientific principles and mathematical concepts to solve real-world problems. Engineers play a crucial role in shaping the world around us, from designing towering skyscrapers to developing advanced medical technologies. Understanding the fundamentals of engineering provides a strong foundation for aspiring engineers, enabling them to create efficient, safe, and sustainable solutions across various industries.
What is Engineering?
Engineering is the application of scientific and mathematical principles to solve real-world problems. Engineers design, build, and maintain the infrastructure, machinery, software, and systems that power our world. Engineering is crucial in modern civilization, from efficient transportation networks to medical advancements and environmental sustainability.
The fundamentals of engineering form the backbone of all engineering disciplines. These principles help engineers analyze problems, design effective solutions, and improve existing technologies to enhance human life. Mastering these fundamentals is essential to success in mechanical, civil, electrical, or chemical engineering.
What are the Fundamentals of Engineering?
Mathematics and Physics in Engineering
Mathematics and physics are the foundational pillars of engineering. Engineers use these disciplines to model real-world scenarios, calculate forces, optimize systems, and predict outcomes.
Mathematics: Engineers use tools provided by algebra, trigonometry, calculus, differential equations, and statistics to develop and/or analyze models created to solve different engineering problems.
Physics: Laws and principles from all branches of Physics (classic mechanics, optics, waves and oscillations, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, electricity and electromagnetism, etc.) are applied across various engineering fields.
These disciplines provide the theoretical framework engineers use to develop efficient, safe, and innovative solutions.
Problem-Solving and Critical Thinking
At its core, engineering is about problem-solving. Engineers tackle challenges by:
- Identifying problems and defining objectives.
- Gathering and analyzing data.
- Developing and testing hypotheses.
- Implementing solutions and refining them based on performance.
- This process requires critical thinking, creativity, and adapting to unforeseen challenges. During the process, engineers must abide by strict ethical standards.
Engineering Design Process
The engineering design process is a systematic approach to developing functional and efficient solutions. The key steps include:
Problem Identification: Understanding the issue and setting objectives.
Research and Concept Development: Gathering information and brainstorming possible solutions.
Prototyping and Modeling: Creating preliminary versions of a design.
Testing and Analysis: Evaluating performance and making improvements.
Implementation and Maintenance: Deploy the solution and ensure its continued efficiency.
This process is iterative, meaning engineers continuously refine their designs to optimize performance and meet user needs.
Materials Science and Engineering
Material Sciences investigates the correlation that exists between metallographic structures and the properties of the materials. Solid materials used in engineering are classified based on three main groups: metals, ceramics, and polymers.
Important material properties include:
Strength: The ability to withstand loads and resist wear and tear.
Conductivity: The ability to conduct heat or electricity.
Corrosion Resistance: The ability to withstand environmental degradation.
Understanding material science helps engineers select appropriate materials for bridges, aircraft, medical implants, and countless other applications.
Electrical and Mechanical Systems
Two of the most common branches of engineering involve mechanical and electrical systems:
Mechanical Engineering: Focuses on designing and analyzing machines, engines, and structures. Key principles include statics, dynamics, fluid mechanics, and thermodynamics.
Electrical Engineering: Involves circuits, signals, and power systems. Engineers in this field work on everything from consumer electronics to large-scale power grids.
A basic understanding of these systems is valuable for any engineering discipline.
Safety and Ethics in Engineering
Engineering is not just about building systems—it’s about building them safely and ethically. Engineers must adhere to strict safety standards to protect people and the environment. Ethical considerations include:
Public Safety: Ensuring that designs do not pose hazards to users.
Sustainability: Developing eco-friendly solutions that reduce waste and pollution.
Professional Integrity: Maintaining honesty, transparency, and accountability in engineering decisions.
Engineering ethics help guide professionals in making responsible choices that benefit society.
What Does an Engineer Do?
Engineers are the innovators behind the structures we live in, the technology we use, and the technology that drives society forward. Engineers play a crucial role in shaping the world, from designing bridges to developing medical devices. But what exactly does an engineer do? Let’s dive in:
What Does a Civil Engineer Do?
A civil engineer designs, constructs, and maintains infrastructure projects such as roads, bridges, buildings, dams, and water supply systems. They ensure structures are safe, durable, and efficient while considering environmental and regulatory factors. Civil engineers also oversee construction projects, manage budgets, and use advanced technology like CAD software to create structural plans. Their work is vital in urban development, transportation, and public safety.
What Does a Chemical Engineer Do?
A chemical engineer applies chemistry, physics, and engineering principles to develop and improve processes for manufacturing chemicals, fuels, pharmaceuticals, food, and other products. They design and optimize production systems, ensure safety and efficiency, and work on innovations for energy, biotechnology, and environmental sustainability. Their work is essential in the healthcare, agriculture, and material science industries.
What Does a Manufacturing Engineer Do?
Manufacturing engineers ensure products are made safely, consistently, and at high standards across the automotive, aerospace, electronics, and consumer goods industries by designing, managing, and controlling the most important manufacturing methods. Some of these manufacturing methods include:
- Casting – Molten material is poured into a mold and solidified into a desired shape. (e.g., sand casting, die casting)
- Forming – Material is reshaped without adding or removing material (e.g., forging, rolling, extrusion, stamping).
- Machining – Material is removed to achieve the final shape (e.g., milling, turning, drilling, grinding).
- Joining – Components are assembled by welding, soldering, brazing, or adhesive bonding.
- Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing) – Layer-by-layer material deposition to create complex structures.
- Injection Molding – Used for mass production of plastic parts by injecting molten material into a mold.
- Powder Metallurgy – Metal powders are compressed and sintered to form solid components.
Each method is selected based on material, cost, precision, and production volume requirements.
What Do Construction Engineers Do?
A construction engineer oversees and manages construction projects, ensuring they are completed safely, efficiently, and within budget. They coordinate with architects, contractors, and workers to plan, design, and supervise building structures like roads, bridges, buildings, and tunnels. They also address site challenges, enforce safety regulations, and use technology to optimize construction processes.
The Role of an Engineer
At its core, engineering is about problem-solving. Engineers apply the scientific method and principles of physics and mathematics to create solutions that improve our daily lives. Whether developing new software, constructing buildings, or designing eco-friendly vehicles, engineers ensure that products, systems, and processes are functional, efficient, and safe.
Key Responsibilities of an Engineer
While the specific tasks of an engineer depend on their field, their general responsibilities include:
Design and Development: Engineers design products, machines, structures, and systems based on detailed specifications. They use computer-aided design (CAD) software to create blueprints and models before physical production begins.
Testing and Analysis: Engineers conduct extensive tests before a design is finalized to ensure safety, durability, and efficiency. They also analyze data, refine prototypes, and make adjustments as needed.
Problem-Solving and Innovation: Engineers tackle complex challenges, from improving renewable energy sources to designing safer transportation systems. They constantly seek innovative ways to enhance technology and efficiency.
Project Management: Many engineers manage projects, working with teams of scientists, architects, and business professionals. They oversee budgets, timelines, and logistics to ensure projects meet their goals.
Research and Development (R&D): Engineers often research to explore new technologies and materials. They stay updated on industry advancements to push the boundaries of innovation.
Quality Control: systematic processes and measures implemented to ensure that products, components, or systems meet specified standards, design requirements, and regulatory guidelines. It involves inspection, testing, and corrective actions to detect and prevent defects, ensuring reliability, safety, and efficiency in engineering projects. Quality control methods include statistical analysis, failure testing, and adherence to quality management systems like ISO 9001.
Which Degree is Best for Becoming an Engineer?
The best degree to become an engineer depends on your career goals and the specific engineering field you are interested in. An associate degree in engineering can be a great starting point, providing foundational knowledge and technical skills for entry-level positions or further education.
Associate Degree in Engineering at Florida National University (FNU)
Florida National University (FNU) offers an Associate of Arts in Engineering as an excellent foundation for students looking to enter the engineering field. This program provides you with a solid background in mathematics, physics, and engineering principles, preparing you for technician roles or further study toward a bachelor’s degree.
How Long Does an Engineering Degree Take?
FNU offers an Associate of Science in Engineering program that can be completed in approximately two years of full-time study. The program requires the completion of 70 credit hours and covers a comprehensive curriculum that provides a strong foundation in basic sciences and engineering principles.
What Do You Learn During an Engineering Associate Degree Program?
An Associate of Science in Engineering program, such as the one offered by FNU, provides you with a comprehensive foundation in engineering principles and practices. The curriculum equips you with the necessary skills and knowledge to pursue careers in various engineering technology fields, including chemical, manufacturing, and construction engineering. Core areas of study include:
General Education Courses
These courses develop well-rounded individuals with strong analytical and communication skills:
English Composition: Enhances writing and critical thinking abilities.
College Algebra: Provides essential mathematical skills applicable in engineering contexts.
Physics: Introduces fundamental concepts of mechanics, thermodynamics, and electromagnetism.
Chemistry: Covers basic chemical principles and their applications in engineering.
Core Engineering Courses
These courses focus on technical knowledge and practical skills specific to the engineering field:
Introduction to Engineering: Offers an overview of the engineering profession, ethics, and problem-solving techniques.
Engineering Drawing: Present the standards and methods to create a graphic representation of an object, or a part of it, and is the result of creative thought by an engineer or technician
Engineering Graphics with CAD: Teaches technical drawing and computer-aided design skills essential for creating engineering plans.
Statics: Studies the equilibrium of particles and rigid bodies under various force systems.
Dynamics: Explores the motion of bodies under the action of forces, building upon concepts learned in statics.
Materials Science: Examines engineering materials’ properties, behaviors, and applications.
Circuit Analysis: Introduces the principles of electrical circuits, including Ohm’s and Kirchhoff’s laws and circuit components.
Thermodynamics: Covers the principles of energy, heat, and work and their applications in engineering systems.
Upon completion of the program, you are well-prepared to enter the workforce in entry-level engineering positions or to continue your education in a bachelor’s degree program. The comprehensive education provided by FNU’s Associate of Science in Engineering program ensures that you acquire the theoretical knowledge and practical skills necessary for success in engineering.
What are Some Essential Terms in Engineering?
To further introduce you to engineering, here’s a list of 30 essential engineering terms, along with their definitions:
Algorithm – A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or performing a task, commonly used in computer science and engineering.
Blueprint – A detailed technical drawing or plan in engineering and construction projects.
Boiler – A closed vessel in which water or another fluid is heated to generate steam or hot water for industrial applications.
CAD (Computer-Aided Design) – uses computer software to create, modify, analyze, and optimize designs for engineering, architecture, and manufacturing applications. CAD enables precise 2D drafting and 3D modeling, improving efficiency, accuracy, and visualization in product development. It is widely used in the automotive, aerospace, and construction industries.
Circuit – A closed path through which an electric current flows, commonly used in electrical and electronic engineering.
Compressive Strength – The ability of a material to withstand loads that tend to reduce its size.
Control System – A set of devices or software used to regulate the behavior of machines or processes automatically.
Corrosion – The gradual deterioration of materials, usually metals, due to chemical reactions with their environment.
Ductility – The ability of a material to undergo deformation without breaking, often applied to metals.
Elasticity – The property of a material to return to its original shape after deformation when stress is removed.
Fatigue – The weakening of a material caused by repeated or fluctuating stress over time, leading to failure.
Finite Element Analysis (FEA) – Methods used to perform computer-based analyses of physical systems, structures, and components’ static, dynamic, or thermal behavior. These methods are used when hand calculation cannot provide sufficiently accurate or detailed results or when the system to be analyzed is too complex.
Fluid Dynamics – The study of fluids (liquids and gases) in motion and the forces acting on them.
Fourier Transform – A mathematical technique used in signal processing and engineering to analyze frequencies in a waveform.
Gear Ratio – The ratio of the number of rotations of two interacting gears, determining speed and torque transmission.
Heat Exchanger – A device that transfers heat between two or more fluids without mixing them.
HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) – These systems regulate indoor climate conditions.
Hydraulics – The study and application of pressurized fluids to generate mechanical power.
Inductor – A passive electrical component that stores energy in a magnetic field when current flows through it.
Kinematics – The branch of mechanics that deals with motion without considering the forces that cause it.
Lean Manufacturing – A production methodology focused on minimizing waste and maximizing efficiency.
Load-Bearing Structure – A structural element that supports and distributes weight in a building or system.
Mechatronics – An interdisciplinary field combining mechanical, electrical, and software engineering.
Nanotechnology – The science and engineering of manipulating materials at the molecular or atomic level.
Ohm’s Law – A fundamental principle in electrical engineering states that voltage equals current times resistance (V = IR).
Pneumatics – Compressed air or gas to generate motion and mechanical force.
Quantum Computing – An advanced computing approach that uses quantum mechanics to process data more efficiently.
Renewable Energy – Energy sources that are naturally replenished, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power.
Shear Stress – A force that causes layers of material to slide past each other, often analyzed in material science.
Torque – A measure of rotational force applied to an object, such as in engines and mechanical systems.
Final Thoughts
If you are looking to begin your engineering education, FNU offers a comprehensive Associate of Science in Engineering program that provides the knowledge and skills needed to excel in engineering. We want to help you take the first step toward a rewarding and impactful profession.
Eager to Learn More?
The Engineering A.S. Program is designed for students seeking an A.S. degree and preparing for a career in the engineering technology field. The skill set and knowledge acquired in the program apply to chemical, manufacturing, and construction engineering. The students gain a strong foundation in the basic sciences, which allows them to acquire a global perspective on science and technology.
If you want to become an engineer, let Florida National University answer any questions. Contact us today to learn more about our Associate programs.
